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Space Weather Observations, Alerts, and Forecast

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Product: 3-Day Forecast - Issued: 2026 Jan 01 0030 UTC
Prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center.

Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast

The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 3 (below NOAA Scale levels).
The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Jan 01-Jan 03 2026 is 6.00 (NOAA Scale G2).

NOAA Kp index breakdown Jan 01-Jan 03 2026

	Jan 01	Jan 02	Jan 03
00-03UT	1.67	3.67	5.00 (G1)
03-06UT	2.33	3.00	6.00 (G2)
06-09UT	2.67	2.67	6.00 (G2)
09-12UT	3.00	2.67	4.67 (G1)
12-15UT	3.00	2.33	4.00
15-18UT	4.33	2.00	3.00
18-21UT	5.00 (G1)	2.33	3.00
21-00UT	3.33	4.67 (G1)	4.33

Rationale: G1 (Minor) geomagnetic storms are likely for Jan 01-02 and G2 (Moderate) geomagnetic storms are likely for Jan 03 due to the anticipated impact of CMEs that left the Sun between 28-31 Dec.

Solar Radiation Activity Observation

Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-18 over the past 24 hours, was below S-scale storm level thresholds.

Solar Radiation Storm Forecast for Jan 01-Jan 03 2026

	Jan 01	Jan 02	Jan 03
S1 or greater	40%	20%	10%

Rationale: There is a chance for S1 (Minor) solar radiation storms on Jan 01 due to a impulsive flare on 31 Dec, and a slight chance for S1 (Minor) solar radiation storms on 02-03 Jan.

Radio Blackout Activity

Radio blackouts reaching the R2 levels were observed over the past 24 hours. The largest was at Dec 31 2025 1351 UTC.

Radio Blackout Forecast for Jan 01-Jan 03 2026

	Jan 01	Jan 02	Jan 03
R1-R2	55%	55%	55%
R3 or greater	20%	20%	20%

Rationale: R1-R2 (Minor to Moderate) or radio blackouts are likely on 01-03 Jan.

Sun Images

eit 171	eit 195	eit 284	eit 304


Images: From left to right: EIT 171, EIT 195, EIT 284, EIT 304 EIT (Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) images the solar atmosphere at several wavelengths, and therefore, shows solar material at different temperatures. In the images taken at 304 Angstrom the bright material is at 60,000 to 80,000 degrees Kelvin. In those taken at 171 Angstrom, at 1 million degrees. 195 Angstrom images correspond to about 1.5 million Kelvin, 284 Angstrom to 2 million degrees. The hotter the temperature, the higher you look in the solar atmosphere.

SDO/HMI Continuum	SDO/HMI Magnetogram	LASCO C2	LASCO C3


The MDI (Michelson Doppler Imager) images shown here are taken in the continuum near the Ni I 6768 Angstrom line. The most prominent features are the sun spots.		LASCO (Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph) is able to take images of the solar corona by blocking the light coming directly from the Sun with an occulter disk, creating an artificial eclipse within the instrument itself.
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Introduction Movie

Conditions on the Sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and can endanger human life or health. This introduction movie in the English language will open on a new tab/window when you click on the image below.